The Impact of the Implementation of Single Exit Pricing...

The impact of the implementation of single exit pricing for pharmaceuticals in South Africa Daleen Pretorius A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration Johannesburg, 2011 ABSTRACT Pricing regulations have been implemented within the pharmaceutical industry in South Africa to ensure improved access to healthcare. The implementation of the Single Exit Price (SEP) effectively meant that the private pharmaceutical sector had to adjust from a free to a regulated market, where prices had to be cut and discounts discarded. The pricing structure changed to a transparent†¦show more content†¦You guys are amazing. Sudier Ramparsad for the initial motivation to start with this degree. You will always be a mentor and significant influence in my life. Nevi Letcher for your continuous support as friend and mentor. I am blessed with such an outstanding and talented friend. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ..................................................................................... II DECLARATION .............................................................................. III DEDICATION ................................................................................ IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................... V LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................... X LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................... XII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................ 1 CONTEXT OF THE STUDY ............................................................................. 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT ................................................................................ 4 1.3.1 MAIN PROBLEM ...................................................................................................... 4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYShow MoreRelatedMarketing Project of Reckitt Benckiser19417 Words   |  78 PagesInternational, for  £1.926  billion. The three main brands acquired were  Nurofen  in  analgesics Strepsils  sore throat lozenges; and  Clearasil  anti-acne treatments.  In January 2008, Reckitt Benckiser acquired Adams Respiratory Therapeutics, Inc., a pharmaceutical company, for $2.3 billion; one of the major brands acquired was  Mucinex.  In July 2010, Reckitt Benckiser agreed to buy  SSL International, the makers of  Durex  condoms  and  Scholls  foot care products, in a  £2.5 billion deal. On 27 August 2011,Read MoreMarketing Project of Reckitt Benckiser19403 Words   |  78 PagesInternational, for  £1.926  billion. The three main brands acquired were  Nurofen  in  analgesics Strepsils  sore throat lozenges; and  Clearasil  anti-acne treatments.  In January 2008, Reckitt Benckiser acquired Adams Respiratory Therapeutics, Inc., a pharmaceutical company, for $2.3 billion; one of the major brands acquired was  Mucinex.  In July 2010, Reckitt Benckiser agreed to buy  SSL International, the makers of  Durex  condoms  and  Scholls  foot care products, in a  £2.5 billion deal. On 27 August 2011Read MoreKraft Annual Report99993 Words   |  400 Pagesidentify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements. 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Essay on The Demise of John Belushi - 1243 Words

From Saturday Night Live to his most infamous performance of a perpetually intoxicated fraternity member in Animal House, John Belushi has and continues to entertain audiences of various generations. His photograph is one that can often be found adorning the dormitory walls of modern college students hoping to have an experience in college that the cult hero would be proud of. His most recent performance that garnered any kind of critical acclaim, however, was given over thirty years ago with his portrayal of Jake Blues in the comedic classic The Blues Brothers. John Belushi has never been described as a one hit wonder; his most recent performance was given during what many consider the height of his popularity within the media. The†¦show more content†¦He expired sometime that morning before being discovered by his personal trainer around noon and was pronounced dead on March 15th, 1982 at 12:45pm. A speedball is a deadly combination of a stimulant and a depressant, most c ommonly cocaine and an opiate of some kind, usually either heroin or morphine. The concoction was extremely popular at the time of Belushi’s death, however Belushi is not the only well-known celebrity to have died of a Speedball mixture. Ironically enough, Chris Farley, one of the other most famous cast members of Saturday Night Live and a lifetime admirer of Belushi, died of a speedball mixture of cocaine and morphine sulfate in 1997. The chosen stimulant and depressant are premixed before being taken intravenously. The combination can also be taken through inhaling or snorting the two powders together, but the intravenous version is considered more common. Because of the nature of both chemicals used in the drug mixture, a speedball has an extremely high risk of physical dependence and can cause powerful withdrawal symptoms. The reason for mixing the stimulant with the depressant is an attempt to maximize the euphoric effects of both drugs while supposedly reducing the chan ce of anxiety attributed to stimulants or sedation attributed to depressants. The risk of HIV contraction is much

Business Performance Management Assessment Tools Free Essays

Business performance management is a set of management and analytic processes that enable the management of an organisation’s performance to achieve one or more pre-selected goals. Synonyms for â€Å"business performance management† include â€Å"corporate performance management† and â€Å"enterprise performance management†. [1][2] Business performance management is contained within approaches to business process management. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Performance Management Assessment Tools or any similar topic only for you Order Now [3] Business performance management has three main activities: 1. selection of goals, . consolidation of measurement information relevant to an organisation’s progress against these goals, and 3. interventions made by managers in light of this information with a view to improving future performance against these goals. Although presented here sequentially, typically all three activities will run concurrently, with interventions by managers affecting the choice of goals, the measurement information monitored, and the activities being undertaken by the organisation.Because business performance management activities in large organisations often involve the collation and reporting of large volumes of data, many software vendors, particularly those offering business intelligence tools, market products intended to assist in this process. As a result of this marketing effort, business performance management is often incorrectly understood as an activity that necessarily relies on software systems to work, and many definitions of business performance management explicitly suggest software as being a definitive component of the approach. 4] This interest in business performance management from the software community is sales-driven[citation needed] – â€Å"The biggest growth area in operational BI analysis is in the area of business performance management. â€Å"[5] Since 1992, business performance management has been strongly influenced by the rise of the balanced scorecard framework. It is common for managers to use the balanced scorecard framework to clarify the goals of an organisation, to identify how to track them, and to structure the mechanisms by which interventions will be triggered.These steps are the same as those that are found in BPM, and as a result balanced scorecard is often used as the basis for business performance management activity with organisations. [citation needed] In the past[update], owners have sought to drive strategy down and across their organizations, transform these strategies into actionable metrics and use analytics to expose the cause-and-effect relationships that, if understood, could give insight into decision-making. Reference to non-business performance management occurs[citation needed] in Sun Tzu’s The Art of War. Sun Tzu claims that to succeed in war, one should have full knowledge of one’s own strengths and weaknesses as well as those of one’s enemies. Lack of either set of knowledge might result in defeat. Parallels between the challenges in business and those of war include[citation needed]: * collecting data – both internal and external * discerning patterns and meaning in the data (analyzing) * responding to the resultant information Prior to the start of the Information Age in the late 20th century, businesses sometimes took the trouble to laboriously collect data from non-automated sources.As they lacked computing resources to properly analyze the data, they often made commercial decisions primarily on the basis of intuition. As businesses started automating more and more systems, more and more data became available. However, collection often remained a challenge due to a lack of infrastructure for data exchange or due to incompatibilities between systems. Reports on the data gathered sometimes took months to generate. Such reports allowed informed long-term strategic decision-making. However, short-term tactical decision-making often continued to rely on intuition.In 1989 Howard Dresner, a research analyst at Gartner, popularized â€Å"business intelligence† (BI) as an umbrella term to describe a set of concepts and methods to improve business decision-making by using fact-based support systems. Performance management builds on a foundation of BI, but marries it to the planning-and-control cycle of the enterprise – with enterprise planning, consolidation and modeling capabilities. Increasing standards, automation, and technologies have led to vast amounts of data becoming available.Data warehouse technologies have allowed the building of repositories to store this data. Improved ETL and enterprise application integration tools have increased the timely collecting of data. OLAP reporting technologies have allowed faster generation of new reports which analyze the data. As of 2010[update], business intelligence has become the art of sieving through large amounts of data, extracting useful information and turning that information into actionable knowledge. [citation needed] [edit] Definition and scopeBusiness performance management consists of a set of management and analytic processes, supported by technology, that enable businesses to define strategic goals and then measure and manage performance against those goals. Core business performance management processes include financial planning, operational planning, consolidation and reporting, business modeling, analysis, and monitoring of key performance indicators linked to strategy. Business performance management involves consolidation of data from various sources, querying, and analysis of the data, and putting the results into practice. edit] Methodologies Various methodologies for implementing bus iness performance management exist. The discipline gives companies a top-down framework by which to align planning and execution, strategy and tactics, and business-unit and enterprise objectives. Reactions may include the Six Sigma strategy, balanced scorecard, activity-based costing (ABC), Total Quality Management, economic value-add, integrated strategic measurement and Theory of Constraints. The balanced scorecard is the most widely adopted[citation needed] performance management methodology.Methodologies on their own cannot deliver a full solution to an enterprise’s CPM needs. Many pure-methodology implementations fail to deliver the anticipated benefits due to lack of integration with fundamental CPM processes. [citation needed] [edit] Metrics and key performance indicators Some of the areas from which bank management may gain knowledge by using business performance management include: * customer-related numbers: * new customers acquired * status of existing customers attrition of customers (including breakup by reason for attrition) * turnover generated by segments of the customers – possibly using demographic filters * outstanding balances held by segmen ts of customers and terms of payment – possibly using demographic filters * collection of bad debts within customer relationships * demographic analysis of individuals (potential customers) applying to become customers, and the levels of approval, rejections and pending numbers * delinquency analysis of customers behind on payments profitability of customers by demographic segments and segmentation of customers by profitability * campaign management * real-time dashboard on key operational metrics * overall equipment effectiveness * clickstream analysis on a website * key product portfolio trackers * marketing-channel analysis * sales-data analysis by product segments * callcenter metricsThough the above list describes what a bank might monitor, it could refer to a telephone company or to a similar service-sector company. Items of generic importance include: 1. onsistent and correct KPI-related data providing insights into operational aspects of a company 2. timely availability of KPI-related data 3. KPIs designed to directly reflect the efficiency and effectiveness of a business 4. information presented in a format which aids decision-making for management and decision-makers 5. ability to discern patterns or trends from organized information Business performance management integrates the company’s processes with CRM or[citation needed] ERP. Companies should become better able to gauge customer satisfaction, control customer trends and influence shareholder value. [citation needed] How to cite Business Performance Management Assessment Tools, Papers

Freud Essay On Jesus Example For Students

Freud Essay On Jesus Sigmund Freud is perhaps the most radical psychologist of the 20th century. His ideas have had an impact on almost every facet of society and his works opened human culture to a whole new approach to understanding human sexuality and how its effects play a key role in the growth of every society. Sigmund believed that human sexuality should be more liberated, because humans are naturally aggressive and modern knowledge has shown that sex tells one something about themselves. Freud was one of the first people to make a generally imaginative contribution that sex pervades everything in life, even the small gestures. His studies began in the 1890s and his ideas were gathered from years of patient/doctor sessions and various contributions from outside sources. One being from anthropologists who came to the conclusion that if people were capable of being happy with so much varied sexual grouping, than sex is something different than traditional definitions. Ultimately, Freud believed that unless sexuality, which is historically conditioned, was liberated and sublimated into society, people could never fully be happy. A deeper analytical discussion is necessary in understanding the far-reaching contributions and ideas of Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that human sexuality began at the birth of a child instead of at an age where children could identify and reason with their culture. He argued that children do not have personal knowledge to understand the biological ongoing of sex. Therefore, he stressed that the biggest sex organ was in fact the mind, where fantasy and identity takes place; disproving that sex was biological. He claimed there were major stages of a childs growth that ultimately effected the rest of their life. Most notably were the oral stage and the anal stage. Freud argued that a childs first pleasure was when they drank milk from their mothers breast. He went on to say that children received pleasure from this and that the event was in fact a prototype of an orgasm. Freud insisted that as a person grows they never stop being a child in a sense. As we grow older, those influences that affected our minds as babies would indeed have a direct influence on our sexual behaviors as adults. Some people co ntinue to have oral fixations as they grow, choosing to nibble on a pen or constantly eat. Some children might turn out to be homosexuals or bisexuals depending on how they are raised. This was a very radical idea of Freuds and it proved that sex was not natural and could be shaped and molded differently over time in each individual. Similarly, the anal stage also provided children with their first opportunity to gain power over their parents. Throughout potty training, defecation is seen as a gift from the child to their parents. They are clearly treated as pat if the infants own body and represent his first gift: by producing them he can express his active compliance with his environment and, by withholding them, his disobedience (Freud, pg. 266). For the first time in a childs life they have leverage over their parents. This supports Freuds claims that sexuality begins at the infantile stage of growth. We see now how certain stages of a childs life affect their adult lives. We also see how infants are attached to their parents in every development of their lives at an early stage. Freud believed that because of this, certain desires and practices stem from parental guidance. Two most notably are the wants a child has of being with their mother and that religion is born in the mother and father as a security for their child. Freud believed that even after a child grows and has become educated about sexual activity, that deep inside they really want to return to their mothers for pleasure. .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc , .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc .postImageUrl , .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc , .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc:hover , .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc:visited , .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc:active { border:0!important; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc:active , .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc872101f788283330211d38dd453edc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nutrition EssayBut even after sexual activity has become detached from the taking of nourishment, an important part of this first and most significant of all sexual relations is left over, which helps to prepare for the choice of an object and thus to restore the happiness that has been lost (Freud, pg. 288). This could explain why as children become adults they search for a partner that resembles there mother the fullest. The more affection a mother shows her child, the more the child will ultimately wish to return to her. The most radical idea about this is that a child might wish to have sex with their mother. They would then see their father as a threat because he is with mommy and wishes to kill him. Also, the idea of returning to ones mother could explain why as humans grow they are never fully satisfied or happy due to repressed sexual energy that society has created. The idea being with your mother is seen by society as preposterous and morally unacceptable. However, to Freud, it is seen as natural sexual energy being released. Further, from the parents Freud believed that the foundations of religion began. Freud was an opponent of religion and believed that it served only as a repressor of humanity and as security to society. Freud argued that its beginnings arose from the childh ood experience. Thus his longing for a father is a motive identical with his need for protection against the consequences if his human weakness. The defense against childish helplessness is what lends its characteristic features to the adults reaction to the helplessness which he has to acknowledge-a reaction which is precisely the formation of religion (Freud pg. 699). Freud claimed that religion was nothing more than this, and if society could disregard of it, things in life could be seen in completely different fashions. Until this was done, humans would be repressing themselves with added moral codes. We now begin to see where happiness falls into the equation, or lack thereof. But, first we must fully understand our human qualities before we see how society is restraining our growth as humanity. Up till now we have learned about the oral and anal stages of a childs growth and our want to ultimately return to our mothers as we grow. We have also learned from Freud that religion is nothing more than security and moral codes in society and serves as a repressor to natural human feelings. Lastly, we should understand Freuds thoughts on human aggressiveness. Freud believed that humans were not gentle creatures that wanted to be loved, and who at most can defend themselves if they are attacked; they are, on the contrary, creatures among whose instinctual endowments is to be reckoned a powerful share of aggressiveness (Freud, pg. 749). As a result, human aggression has been given various instruments throughout society to hold it together. One example is that of work which allows humans to in a way focus on other things than their aggression. Another example is sports, which allows people to vent their aggression in a civilized fashion. Ultimately, natural human aggression is another part of humanity, which has been repressed by laws, moral codes, and the culture in todays society. Similarly, there are various forms in which human sexual energy has been sublimated into society. Freud touches on the most basic forms of communication such as a tap on the butt or flirting and how these actions are methods for humans to vent their sexual energy. A person might repress their oral Bibliography:Freud, Sigmundd. Freudian Reader. New York Press, ew York, 1978.